Jim Carroll’s blog, https://jcarrollhistory.com/  contains a number of posts about teaching students about causation, including one cautioning about the use of writing frames for teaching causation. Carroll also has an article about the problems of assessing students’ understanding of causation in examination questions  in History Education Research Journal 18 (2): 148-65, ‘Retheorising national assessment of the narrative mode for historical causal explanation in England’.